End-to-end verifiability (E2E) in online voting refers to the ability of voters to verify that their vote has been recorded and counted accurately, without relying on the trustworthiness of any intermediary. In an E2E system, voters can verify that their vote has been accurately recorded and counted by checking the encrypted record of their vote against a public record of the final tally. This ensures that the integrity of the voting process is preserved, as voters can verify that their vote has been counted accurately without having to trust that the voting system or any other intermediaries have not tampered with the vote. E2E systems can help to increase confidence in the integrity of online voting and may be an important component of a secure online voting system.